Occupation Of Japan Essays - Empire Of Japan, Strategic Management

Occupation of Japan The occupation of Japan was, from start to finish, an American operation. General Douglans MacArthur, sole supreme commander of the Allied Power was in charge. The Americans had insufficient men to make a military government of Japan possible; so t hey decided to act through the existing Japanese gobernment. General Mac Arthur became, except in name, dictator of Japan. He imposed his will on Japan. Demilitarization was speedily carried out, demobilization of the former imperial forces was complet ed by early 1946. Japan was extensively fire bomded during the second world war. The stench of sewer gas, rotting garbage, and the acrid smell of ashes and scorched debris pervaded the air. The Japanese people had to live in the damp, and col d of the concrete buildings, because they were the only ones left. Little remained of the vulnerable wooden frame, tile roof dwelling lived in by most Japanese. When the first signs of winter set in, the occupation forces immediately took over all the s team-heated buildings. The Japanese were out in the cold in the first post war winter fuel was very hard to find, a family was considered lucky if they had a small barely glowing charcoal brazier to huddle around. That next summer in random spots new ho uses were built, each house was standardized at 216 square feet, and required 2400 board feet of material in order to be built. A master plan for a modernistic city had been drafted, but it was cast aside because of the lack of time before the next winte r. The thousands of people who lived in railroad stations and public parks needed housing. All the Japanese heard was democracy from the Americans. All they cared about was food. General MacAruther asked the government to send food, when they refus ed he sent another telegram that said, "Send me food, or send me bullets." American troops were forbidden to eat local food, as to keep from cutting from cutting into the sparse local supply. No food was was brought in expressly for the J apanese durning the first six months after the American presence there. Herbert Hoover, serving as chairman of a special presidential advisory committee, recommended minimum imports to Japan of 870,000 tons of food to be distributed in different urban areas. Fi sh, the source of so much of the protein in the Japanese diet, were no longer available in adequate quantities because the fishing fleet, particularly the large vessels, had been badly decimated by the war and because the U.S.S.R. closed off the fishing g rounds in the north. The most important aspect of the democratization policy was the adoption of a new constitution and its supporting legislation. When the Japanese government proved too confused or too reluctant to come up with a constitutional r eform that satisfied MacArthur, he had his own staff draft a new constitution in February 1946. This, with only minor changes, was then adopted by the Japanese government in the form of an imperial amendment to the 1889 constituti on and went into effect on May 3, 1947. The new Constitution was a perfection of the British parliamentary form of government that the Japanese had been moving toward in the 1920s. Supreme political power was assigned to the Diet. Cabinets were made responsible to the Diet by having the prime minister elected by the lower house. The House of Peers was replaced by an elected House of Councillors. The judicial system was made as independent of executive interference as possible, and a newly created supreme court was given the power to review the constitutionality of laws. Local governments were given greatly increased powers. The Emperor was reduced to being a symbol of the unity of the nation. Japanese began to see him in person. He went to hospitals, schools, mines, industrial plants; he broke ground for public buildings and snipped tape at the opening of gates and highways. He was steered here and there, shown things, and kept muttering, "Ah so, ah so." People started to call him " Ah-so-san." Suddenly the puybli c began to take this shy, ill-at-ease man to their hearts. They saw in him something of their own conqured

Pre Civil War essays

Pre Civil War essays Slavery was the dominating reality of all southern life from about 1840-1860. Social and economical aspects of Southern life can validate this generalization. Socially, the elite people who owned large farms for planting the cash crop relied on slave labor, which caused them to obtain more slaves. Economically, southerners profited from the slaves because of their slave labor, which produced Cotton, as the worlds leading export. One of the deciding factors of social class was the number of slaves a landowner possessed. The social group of the planters consisted of the upper class that owned 50 or more slaves. They became a class to which all others paid deference, and they dominated the political and social life of their region.(APUSH 65). The elite possessed more slaves than any other class thus they assumed superiority over the blacks. Furthermore there were the yeoman farmers who were the independent whites of the middle-class-they owned 1-2 slaves. Finally there were also the poor white trash, the lower class that had no slaves at all in-fact they lived in squalor worse than the slaves (APUSH 65). Since the purchase of slaves made all jobs requiring manual labor scarce, the poor became even poorer due to the absence of jobs. Hence as the necessary relationship of this plantation expanded, the Peculiar Institution of black slavery fastened itself upon the Southern people, even as it isolated them from t he rest of the world. (APUSH 65). The southern economy was a slave based cash crop agriculture that was dependent on the exportation of cotton. Also the whole U.S. was dependent on cotton because the south produced more than half of the entire world s supply of cotton" (Bailey 360) because of the slaves. Even the British relied on the south for cotton. Therefore in 1840 the exportation of cotton alone earned the US $75million and in 1860 the amount raised to $19...

May 2008 Most Popular Articles

May 2008 Most Popular Articles May 2008 Most Popular Articles May 2008 Most Popular Articles By Daniel Scocco Below you will find the most popular articles over the past month. Check them out if you missed any. 44 Resume Writing Tips: Having a solid and effective resume can greatly improve your chances of landing that dream job. That is beyond discussion. How does one make sure that his resume is top notch and bullet proof, however? Cna Yuo Raed Tihs?: Today while opening my email I came across a very interesting message from a friend. It was basically a message where the letters of each word were all scrambled. The Vicissitudes of the Latin Plural in English: he dictionary says the word data can be treated as a singular. But strictly speaking the word is a plural. How does such a thing happen in language? You wouldn’t say, â€Å"the cars is fast†. How does a plural gain acceptance as a singular? Creative Writing 101: Creative writing is anything where the purpose is to express thoughts, feelings and emotions rather than to simply convey information. A While vs Awhile: Here’s a couple of words I use all the time interchangeably. But are they? a while vs. awhile Help me out, o oracle! What’s a Male Mistress?: The other day someone asked me for the male equivalent of â€Å"mistress.† An Englishman in New York The Problem Of UK-US English in Freelance Writing: Some people see the differences between American English and British English as a problem. I see them as an interesting challenge. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?How to Punctuate with â€Å"However†Personification vs. Anthropomorphism

Draft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Draft - Essay Example Consequently, this brought an understanding that the values and beliefs are connected to cultural practices, traditions and rituals that chances their way of life (Nel, 2012). The summary also elaborated on the issues related to the differentiation of the cultural practices, customs and traditions. It also elaborates on the inherent patterns of behaviors that are transmitted from one generation to another. The term custom is defined in the article as a practice, which regulates the social life of certain group in the society, while rituals are defined as forms of cultural practices or ceremonies making a certain change in the society. Moreover, the article indicated that the Africa societies are linked to the cultural practices, traditions and customary issues. Moreover, the article explained these rituals involve various physical markings on the body such as circumcisions or body scarification (Tiley-Nel, 2012). In this case, these rituals are different based on the ethnic groups, whereby the ritual practices are symbols of maturity stage. In conclusion, the paper covers a summary of two articles covered in class, which include â€Å"Ndebele culture, traditions and rituals† by Tiley-Nel and Initiation cycles of traditional South African cultures by Nel, J. The articles cover a reflection of cultural, tradition and ritual practices in African society. The articles share ideas related to the practices among African society, which are practices in a contemporary society in the process of depicting the transition of the boys and girls to the adult hood. Therefore, this paper has focus on identifying the main points that are in these

European single currency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

European single currency - Essay Example The idea of a European common currency had been in the drawing board since 1993, but the Euro as EU’s common currency went into circulation in 1999 and was considered as a major step towards European integration. The ratification of the Maastricht treaty in November of 1993 was responsible for the creation of the European Monetary Union or EMU and adopted the Euro as their common currency (European commission, n.d.). When the Euro was introduced into EMU on January 1, 1999, it became the new official currency of the 15 member countries thereby replacing their old national currencies like Deutschmark of Germany and Franc of France. The Euro was introduced first as a virtual currency for payments not requiring hard cash and for purposes of accounting. The old national currencies of member countries were used for cash payments and is considered as sub-units of euro. The European commission revealed that the real euro currency in bank notes and coins appeared in January 2002. The European commission reported that the primary responsibility of the EMU is to ensure the price stability of goods and services in all the member countries by maintaining an annual inflation rate of less than 2%.The European commission added that although Denmark and United Kingdom are members of the European Union, Euro is not their currency as they agreed on the ‘opt-out’ clause of the Maastricht treaty thereby exempting them from participation ... market. The European commission reported that the economic as well as monetary integration of the EU simulates the history of the Union. In 1957, when the EU was founded, they concentrated on establishing a common market. In the course of time, it was felt that closer cooperation related to economic and monetary matters were needed for the common market to progress and flourish further. The European commission revealed that when the euro was adapted as the single currency of the EU, the monetary policy is being managed by the European Central Bank (ECB) which was established for that sole purpose, and the corresponding central banks of the member countries. Together, they formed the Eurosystem Fiscal Policy on tax and spending and remain as responsibility of individual member countries. They adhere to follow the agreed procedures on public finances accounting known as Stability and Growth Pack. The member countries also retain their responsibility for creating their own structural policies related to labour, capital markets as well as pensions. They however agree to coordinate them with ECB to ensure higher chances of achieving goals related to stability, employment and growth. Having adopted a single European currency has many benefits and these were the motivations for the creation of the Euro. An Economics teacher form Oxford University named Tejvan R.Pettinger (2008) enumerated the benefits that can be derived from having only one European currency system. They are as follows: Reduced transaction Costs 1. There will be no more cost involved in currency exchanges; this will benefit tourists and firms trading in the Euro area

Service Area Analysis for Beaumont Essay Example for Free

Service Area Analysis for Beaumont Essay Beaumont Health System is a three-hospital regional health system with more than 1,725 beds with additional facilities that include nursing homes, home healthcare agency, research institute, primary and specialty care clinics, rehabilitation, cardiology, and cancer centers. offers a wide-range of services and programs to our adult and pediatric patients which includes Ninety-one medical and surgical specialties are represented on the Beaumont medical staff of more than 3,700 Michigan physicians with numerous community based medical centers throughout Detroit, Oakland, Macomb, and Wayne counties. The service area for Beaumont Hospital is Oakland County which consists of cities, villages, and townships with a population of 1,202,362 people. Approximately 30% of Oakland Countys 483,698 households have children aged 18 years old or younger. Beaumont is the exclusive clinical teaching site for the Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine. The system draws on a rich history of pioneering medical research to serve the health needs of southeastern Michigan and advance healing techniques nationwide. Education Level and Income Level The level of education of Oakland County as become a more educated county. 17.6 percent of the Oakland population in the year 2010 is a graduate of a professional degree. 24.6 percentage of people in Oakland county have a Bachelors Degree. 7.4 percent have an associates degree, and 21.3 percent have had some college but have no degree. Only 7.8 percent did not graduate high school. Which this number had decreased by 3 percent. While the number of people who have graduated with a professional degree or a bachelors degree have increased from 2000- 2010 by 4 percent. This census is from the population of people 25 and up. The median income for a household in the county was $61,907, and the median income for a family was $75,540 (these figures had risen to $62,308 and $79,589 respectively as of a 2009 estimate[8]). Males had a median income of $55,833 versus $35,890 for females. The per capita income for the county was $32,534. About 3.80% of families and 5.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.50% of those under age 18 and 6.50% of those age 65 or over. In the year 2000 the census for households with seniors was 96,585 in the year 2010 census the number of households with seniors was 116,768. that is a percentage change of 20.9 percent. The number of households with seniors who live alone age 65 and up in 2000 was 39,910, and in 2010 the number of households 65 and older living alone is 47,290 which is a percentage change of 18.5 percent. Those two categories are the largest changing over the 10 year span out of all other age groups. To be more specific of age and the change of population from the year 2000 census through the 2010 census. According to the SEMCOG projections for the year 2040 the majority increase in population is almost strictly people the age 65 and up. Disadvantages for Beaumont: Competition from urgent care centers. Faster wait times than the hospitals along with less costly medical bills Recruitment, continued training, and retention of talented healthcare professionals.it will be important to always make sure their employees are happy and taken care of because it is easier for certain professionals to move on to somewhere else Advantages for Beaumont: They are well known and trusted throughout the community offering a variety of services for all age groups. They keep up on technology, new information, new techniques in the health field to help give better quality of care. Possible merger with Henry Ford for financial stability during the healthcare reform Top Competitors for Beaumont Health System Competitors | Detroit Medical Center | Henry Ford Health System | University of Michigan Health System | Huron Valley-Sinai Hospital St. Joseph Hospital Crittenton Hospital Summary A majority of the people in Oakland County have a median age of 40.2 but according to SEMCOG this median should increase due to the increased population of people 65 and up. The people are primarily educated therefore capable of making good sensible quality decisions. The Target market would be a population of 65 and older.

Images of Blood in Faulkners Light in August Essays -- Faulkner Light

Images of Blood in Faulkner's Light in August      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Blood" is considered by many to be one of the most important ties between human beings; it is therefore frequently used as an image that defines a character or a relationship between characters in a novel. For example, a prince might be defined by his "royal blood," or a weak man described as having "thin blood." Close friends may be "blood brothers," or families may have a "blood feud." In William Faulkner's Light in August, the image of blood permeates the themes of sexuality, race, and religion. Blood is common to all of these themes: it is evident in reproductive cycles and births, it is a medium for the genetic passage of race from one generation to the next, and it serves as a symbol of life or death in many religions. Faulkner centers these powerful images of blood around Joe Christmas, the main character, whose blood, as a force giving him the will to live, is strong despite his sins. Christmas associates physical blood with his impressions of women, defines races and genders by the smell of their blood, and is guilty and damned because of the darkness in his "black blood." Christmas's view of the world and of issues Faulkner intimately relates to him, in particular sexuality, race, and religion, is tinted by the images of blood revolving around him.    Blood is one of the most important elements in Christmas's view of sexuality. He has a twisted perception of women and his sexual role due to his traumatic first exposure to sexuality at the age of five, in which he perceived the sex act as violent and disgusting. Christmas overheard a sexual ... ...ng him lifeless both physically and spiritually, though his influence lasts beyond his years. Christmas's "mixed" blood and mixed ethnicity provide imagery for the themes of race and religion; his conception of himself and the world is strongly impacted by his confusion over these two issues. His ideals are further affected by the connections he draws between blood and sexuality: he views blood as an inherent part of femininity, and he sees sex as a violent struggle for dominance. Whether it is a definition of race, a definition of sin or godliness, or a definition of the essence of females, the image of blood influences Christmas's perception of the world around him.    Works Cited Faulkner, William. Light in August. 1932. Notes Joseph Blotner, Editor's note Noel Polk. New York: Vintage Books, 1990

Vygotsky and Paigets Perspective of Learning

The theorists, Piaget and Vygotsky both had views on the significance of learning and the role of play, which they considered being a crucial part of a child’s development. Although they had similar views, they differed in terms of what children do when they play (Drewery & Bird, 2004). This essay supports learning opportunities and examples of children’s play through experience, events and interactions with people, places and things. Piaget explained the importance of learning through play, in which children explored and experimented for themselves with minimal adult interactions. He considered development went through four stages: sensori-motor, pre-operational, concrete operational and the formal operational stage. (Papalia, Olds & Feldman, 2004). The sensori-motor period (0-2 years) is the 1st stage, as the infant’s interactions are based on exploring their environment through their senses and abilities to practice schemas, such as grasping and sucking, this also included practice play as the infant is able to repeat actions continuously but with no intention. This stage follows on to the pre-operational stage (2-7) where children’s language is developing rapidly, allowing them to express themselves. They are starting to use pretend play and parallel play which means children are talking but it is not directed to others. This also means that they only see the world in their terms, they are egocentric (Drewery and Bird, 2004). The concrete operation (7-11) and the formal operational (11-adult) periods are the third and fourth stages. These are not considered in early childhood education but are still important as they can think realistically and logically about situations and understand their world (Pulaski, 1980). However, Vygotsky argued differently. He proposed that children are social learners and like to explore and discover new things with the help of adults and peers. This was scaffolding and the zone of proximal development (ZPD). He also considered culture surroundings, language and thinking (Whitebread, 2003 cited in Beaumont, 2002). He thought children could perform better with others than on their own. This is shown through the ZPD, the difference between what children can do alone and with help. Like Piaget, Vygotsky believed there were things that children couldn’t understand. However, Vygotsky believed that given proper help children could perform what Piaget would consider, not possible. Scaffolding however, meant that in order for a child to learn, a more competent adult or peer can help support and guide the child’s learning through the ZPD until the child is able to do the task alone which helps the child use private speech, a way of understanding is to talk to themselves and also to reason, problem solve, extend memory and imagination skills (Woolfolk, 2004 cited by Educational Psychology, n. d. ). Vygotsky considered cultural surroundings, language and thinking to be important. He said for children to learn, they need to interact through communication with others. This was explained through cultural influences and what was important within each setting. Language is part of culture, which is the key to communication about customs and knowledge of people. Through cultural tools, such as books and television, we could help extend children’s communication skills with others in their environment (Tauranga Regional Free Kindergarten Association, 2003). These theorists can support learning opportunities within Aotearoa through experiences, events, and interactions with people, places and things. For Piaget however, his first two stages are only considered in early childhood education (Nuttall, 2003). Piaget considers that children learn best when their left to discover their world by themselves through hands-on involvement but adults need to provide stimulating activities within their environment (Hedges, 2003). The Aotearoa context gives children the independence to experience and learn about what they enjoy on their own through experiences, events and interactions, with little supervision. It also encourages them to explore and develop knowledge and skills at their own pace. Ministry of Education (1998) states that, ‘Educators should enhance children’s learning and development through extending children’s thinking and actions through sensitive and informed guidance, interventions and support (p. 19). Piaget’s practice play and pretend play are supported in Aotearoa. These are concepts used to explain the child’s use of creativity and spontaneous play which provides great interactions with people, places and things. Each child brings experiences from their own environment which builds knowledge and skills amongst children but this can be slightly difficult, as children naturally parallel play (Drewery & Bird, 2004). A way to enhance their interests could be a dress-up day. The Ministry of Education (1996) explains that ‘Children experience an environment where their play is valued as meaningful learning and the importance of spontaneous play is recognised’ (p. 84) Vygotsky’s theory is well acknowledged in Aotearoa. He believed that children learn best through social environments which lead to powerful and competent learners. Children learn better through the ZPD with the support of an adult or peer. This provides the use of private speech for the child, which creates better understanding and extends skills such as problem solving and imagination (Connor & Diggins, 2002). According to Royal Tangaere’s theory of learning, some of Vygotsky’s ideas related to hers. She believed in the Tuakana/Teina concept which was related to the ZPD and scaffolding. The Tuakana (older sibling) contributes to the Teina’s (younger sibling) learning and vise versa. This provides both siblings the responsibility of ako (learning as well as teaching (Te Whaiki, McCarthy & Durie, 1997). Secondly, Vygotsky believed that each child brings with them, their own cultural experiences from their environment as a way of communicating. As a multi-cultural nation, it is important to consider each child’s culture; therefore part of culture is language and the values and beliefs that influence them. As teachers we are encouraged to be aware of other cultures. When we learn about the culture of children we are able to understand and help them learn and experience more about culture through communication such as books or music (Tauranga Regional Free Kindergarten, 2003). We could also organize cultural outings to Museum’s which is a great place for learning. As Ministry of Education (1996) states, ‘Children experience an environment where there are equitable opportunities for learning, irrespective of gender, ability, age, ethnicity, or background (p. 66). Examples of these theories are shown throughout children’s play. Piaget’s idea of the sensori-motor stage and the pre-opertional stage can be put into practice as follows: Infant: A is lying down on her stomach, where toys are placed in front of her. She picks up a soft ball, looks at it then puts it in her mouth, drops it then picks up a rattle and turns on to her back. She lifts it up and shakes and listens to the noise. She then puts it in her mouth then continues the enjoyment of shaking the rattle. Toddler: The wiggles come on and children start dancing, B gets up and begins to dance. As he listens to the sounds of a car, he pretends to drive going, ‘Brum brum! , and then drives around the room saying, ‘I’m driving my car! ’ Young Child: A is in the sandpit with children surrounding her. She picks up a frying pan and pretends to make a cake with sand. A then picks up a spoon and pretends to mix the cake, then places it down saying, â€Å"Cook for 2 minutes† using her fingers to count. She pulls it out straight after and says, â€Å"Mmm, smells good! That will be for me and mummy†. Vygotsky’s views can be shown in practice through an infant as: M is learning to walk, he can stand up while holding onto the couch, he wants to let go, but does not have the balance or coordination. A teacher comes over and M reaches out his hands, gesturing that he needs help. She takes his hands and walks with him saying, â€Å"Good boy, you’re doing so well! † She then lets go to see if he can stand on his own, he stands for a few seconds then falls. He crawls back to the couch, stands up and gestures to the teacher to help. She stands three feet away, puts out her hands and says, â€Å"Try again†. He takes a few steps then falls again. Toddler: L wants to climb up the plank. The teacher recognises that he is not confident enough on his own. She takes his hand nd helps him, he turns around and repeats this a few times, the teacher lets go of his hand half way up, he stops and says, â€Å"Help! † Teacher says, â€Å"You can do it, have a go, I’ll stay with you†. Looking unsure, he has a go while the teacher encourages him. In being successful, L is overjoyed, and the teacher supports the accomplishment. Young Child: H is learning literacy, he seems to be frustrated and is struggling. The teacher approaches him, and asks if he wants help. H replies, â€Å"Yeah, I can’t do it†. Firstly, the teacher writes his name at the top and says, ‘H, copy over your name with a pen†. â€Å"Yep†, H says. In doing so, the teacher encourages him and supports his learning. The teacher helps H do his literacy activity until he is able to do it himself. He shows her when he is finished then she gets him to put a smiley face on the page, to show what a great job he did. There are many more theories that could be acknowledged throughout this discussion but Piaget and Vygotsky will always provide teachers with a solid understanding of how children learn and the role of play which provides great learning opportunities for experiences, events and interactions with people, places and things within New Zealand.

Natural sciences Essay

Knowledge involves acquaintance with truth, principles or facts as with a certain subject or a branch of learning. People have various perceptive of knowledge. There are those who belief that knowledge is found in many forms which must be proven with evidence. It is possible to doubt everything that exist because it is a misconception or it may be seen as an illusion. Doubt is important in knowledge because learning through from the senses or through the senses can be deceptive. For example, senses can deceive because one may smell something sweet and senses deceive that it is going to have sweet taste. However, this is wrong because not everything that smells sweet taste sweet. Dreams are also deceptive as they are just false delusions because occasionally when one is asleep one is deceived by the illusions in dreams. These are just ways that knowledge through the senses can deceive. Therefore, it becomes necessary to doubt everything so that one can get the true knowledge. So as the proverb hold doubt is key to knowledge. Knowledge creates doubt and doubt pave way for gaining more knowledge. If its is not for doubt then there would be no knowledge or the knowledge that would be available would be one that is not complete knowledge (Urdahl, pg 27-29). In natural sciences, scientists have a lot of experience with doubt and uncertainty. This is experience that is very necessary in gaining knowledge in natural sciences. When one does not know the answer to a problem then this can be termed as ignorance. Then one has a hunch as to what the results are, for example, of an experiment, then it means that one has uncertainty. When one is darned sure of what the result would be then it means that one has some doubt. Therefore, it is paramount important that in order to have progress it is important to recognize the ignorance we have in natural sciences and leave room for doubt. This is because scientific knowledge is a body of statements, which have varying degrees of certainty. The degrees vary from being unsure, nearly sure and none absolutely certain. Doubt is a good thing in natural science because if one knows the answer or thinks that one knows the answer then it becomes easy to fail to seek more knowledge about that particular subject. Doubt helps to come out of that emotional attachment that people have in certain beliefs or from the theory of determinism. Example of areas where doubt has assisted in gaining and verifying knowledge is in the assumptions in relativity that inertial mass and gravitational mass are equal. In order to show that they are not the model has to be revised. Scientists have engaged in refining their ability to measure the two. It is the doubt that has developed in this area that has made the scientist revise this model until they have realized that inertial mass and gravitational mass are different at finer degrees. Therefore, they doubt has made it known that the two are not equivalent as has been held in the past. In this case, it is not that the same experiment is repeated but the real key to this is to look at the statements and test if they have been examined to the extent that they should. Doubt allow the use of new tools in scientific experiments which allow new discoveries which do away with the old ideas or theories. Science in this case becomes a process of doubt. Natural scientists are always nor sure and this is the reason as to why they repeat the steps in experiments in order to make sure that it is right. Another area where doubt has necessitated growth of knowledge is in the evolution theory. At the beginning people had strong belief that creation theory was the one that provided call the knowledge about the evolution of human being. However, as knowledge grew people started to doubt some aspects of the evolution theory and developed other theories such as the Darwinian theory of evolution. This is a theory which resulted out f the doubts about some of the aspects of the former theory. This is not the end theory because doubts in some aspects of the evolutions theory have also led to development of some other theories (Axtell pg 87-88). Doubt has also contributed to increased knowledge in other areas, for example, in social science and history. There are two areas that information collected or knowledge gained depends on research or theories which were constructed in the past by various scholars. However it becomes tricky to use such kind of theories to their full because history and social sciences are dynamic. For example, the society change as time moves. Therefore, this is also in the same way that the theories are supposed to change. For example, if theories that were constructed in the fourteenth century are used in the twenty first century then there is no doubt that the theory would contain a lot of faults because of the changes that have occurred in the society. People have developed in their way of reasoning as in these days there are more sources of information than in the past. Reason is one part of gaining knowledge that enhances the development of doubt. This is because it is after deductive reasoning that a person is able to develop hypothesis that proves some knowledge as relevant or irrelevant (Gotschl, pg179-180). Historians do their research and base most of their research on the researches that were conducted in the past. The information in the research where they base their research would be biased or exaggerated. This is what cause doubt and enhance new research to be conducted regarding some issues. Despite the fact that some people are emotionally attached to some believes doubt has made them to relent some of their believes. For example, different ethnic groups have their own myths about where they originated or who is their god or where their god lived. In traditional society people had strong emotional attachment to these beliefs (Chang pg 581). However, as time has passed people have developed doubt about these believes to develop other believes. This is because most of the beliefs in the traditions are not well reasoned and are also biased to particular ethnic people. People have developed other believes that are more inclusive of other ethnic groups all over the world. This has risen out of the doubt that people have some of the things that happened in the past (Lamm Norman pg 11-12). Despite that knowledge plays a key role in knowledge I think that knowledge or truth is a fixed situation because truth is not questionable. So if true knowledge is out there to be discovered or to be learned then it means that when we know or acquire knowledge then there should be no room for doubt. I also think that knowledge depends mostly on human perception. Natural sciences have more upper hands in investigating the truth. However these sciences are still subjected tout human brains. Curiosity is also key to knowledge rather than doubt. Human beings are always curious to know more about their nature. The curiosity allows them to make discoveries and also strive to find the truth. Looking critically at the discoveries that have been made in the past it is out of curiosity that this has happened. This curiosity leads to knowledge, which then leads to wisdom. Doubts make us to know hat our knowledge is correct instead on believing in something blindly. However I do not feel that doubt makes us to make any discovery or learn anything that is new to us. It is curiosity that allows us to acquire new knowledge more quickly. Work cited Axtell Guy. Knowledge, belief, and character: readings in virtue epistemology, 1st edition, Rowman & Littlefield, 2000. Chang Larry. Wisdom for the Soul: Five Millennia of Prescriptions for Spiritual Healing, Gnosophia Publishers, 2006. Gotschl Johann. Erwin Schrodinger’s world view: the dynamics of knowledge and reality Vol 16, New York, Springer, 1992. Lamm Norman. Faith and doubt: studies in traditional Jewish thought, 3rd edition, KTAV Publishing House, Inc. , 2007. Urdahl Halvor. Key of Knowledge, New York, Kessinger Publishing, 1998.

Spike Lee essays

Spike Lee essays The weather is sizzling hot and tensions are slowly coming to a boil in this Bedford-Stuyvesant Brooklyn neighborhood. Slowly but surely we see the heat melt away the barriers that were keeping anger from rising to the surface. The Blacks and the Hispanics own the streets the Koreans own the corner store and of course the Italians own the pizzeria, the Cops who happen to be all Caucasian, prowl the streets inside out, looking for anyone to harass. Toes are then stepped on and apologies are not made. Spike Lee creates the perfect set-up for a modern day in Bed-Stuyvesant. Without fail Spike Lee is transformed into an anthropologist. Spike Lees goal is to allow viewers to glimpse into the lives of real people and into a neighborhood they call home. After all this isnt just some flight into an imaginary ghetto. Its a journey into real life, real people and of course real circumstances. In the words of the local DJ Mr. Se Waaaaake up!" and see what real life is really about. Our main character is Mooky, a black teenager, who works in Sals famous pizzeria. Mooky is the pizza parlor delivery boy and he is the only one of his friends to have a job. Sal and his two sons run the pizzeria. Sal is one of the very few white Italian business owners remaining in this predominately black neighborhood. Despite obvious tensions, Sal holds his ground in the neighborhood and remains proud of the fact that these people, meaning the kids of Bed-Stuy, have grown up on his pizza. Along the way we meet other characters such as Radio Raheem who is a neighborhood kid who walks the street with an oversize radio and decorates his fingers with the symbolic love and hate rings. Smile, a mentally disabled individual who runs around the streets selling the one existing photograph of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Then there is Mookys Puerto Rican girlfriend, who ...

Basic Hydraulic Systems

Basic Hydraulic Systems Every hydraulic system has a minimum number of basic components regardless of its design and function. The fundamental components of the hydraulic system include pump, reservoir, directional valve, check valve, pressure relieve valve, selector valve, actuator, and filter. An open center system has fluid flowing, with any pressure in the system when the actuating mechanisms are idle. The pump disperses the fluid from the reservoir through the selector valves and return to the reservoir. The open center system may engage a several subsystems, with a selector valve for every subsystem. The selector valve of the open center system is connected in series with each other. In this arrangement, the system pressure line will go through each selector valve. The fluid is allowed free passage through the selector valve and return to the reservoir until one of the selector valves is ready to operate a mechanism. When one of the selector valves is set to operate an actuating device, fluid is flowing from the pump through one of the working line to the actuator. When the selector valve is set in this position, the fluid flow to the reservoir is blocked. The system overcome the resistance by using the pressure build up in it and move the piston of the actuation cylinder, fluid from the opposite end of the actuator will returns to the selector valve and return to the reservoir. The operation of the system after actuation of the component will depends on the type of the selector valve that has been used. Many types of selector are used together with the open center system. One of the types is both manually engaged and manually disengaged. The valve is manually moved to an operating position. Then, the actuating mechanism reaches the end of the operating cycle, and the output of the pump continue until the pressure is relieves by the system relief valve. The relief valve dismount and allows the fl uid to return to the reservoir. The system pressure remains at the relief valve set pressure until the selector valve is returned manually to the neutral position. It reopens the open center flow and let the system pressure to drop to line resistance pressure.

Economies, Markets and Strategic Decisions Research Paper

Economies, Markets and Strategic Decisions - Research Paper Example However, growth in these vital sectors has improved the GDP rate in the country and provided more job opportunities for Qatar citizens due to the progressive social programmes provided by the national government. As a result of the influx of foreign investors and rising labour productivity, the country has witnessed a 20 percent increase in domestic credit availability, including private the business credit (SESD 2004). Macroeconomic performance in terms of establishing a diversified economic portfolio and rising consumer income levels have provided the country an opportunity to expand its knowledge and educational bases to include multiple industries and specialized production capabilities. Qatar has had a steady trade relationship with Canada since the mid 2000s, with this particular country exporting $1.3 billion worth of goods to this nation (Spence 2005). However, since Qatar has only recently expanded its macro-level objectives outside of hydrocarbons, there are still ample opportunities for telecom exports, information technology, agri-foods, education, health, construction and financial services (Spence). These are not currently well-developed, self-sustaining systems in Qatar that rely on foreign imports as well as foreign expertise. Thus, in terms of the importation needs in Qatar, there are ample opportunities in multiple sectors. In terms of Qatar’s exportation performance, it is rising steadily and has been since 2007. Qatar has achieved one of the highest GDP performance ratios in relation to account surplus that moved from 3.8 billion USD in 2002 to 17 billion USD in 2010 (EIU Viewswire 2010). There has been rising import spending due to the diversification strategies related to production, industrial knowledge, and overall gross domestic product. Some of these new international trade agreements have been the by-product of strengthening relationships in trade